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The commonly used formulas for counting cards in blackjack are to assign each group of cards a value to facilitate rapid card counting. In single level systems, high cards are assigned minus one and low cards plus one, then a running total is kept in the head of the counter. When counting, the deck starts at zero and the counter simply either adds or subtracts from a running total depending upon what cards are dealt to each player and the dealer.

When the total gets high enough, the counter knows the deck is rich in high cards, increasing their odds over the house and they will increase the value of their bets.

There are multi level systems of counting that are more complex but provide a more accurate assessment of the number of high cards remaining in a deck. These assign more numbers over a wider spread of cards from minus two through plus two.